Which method is commonly used to remove high levels of fluoride from water?

Activated alumina is a commonly used method for removing high levels of fluoride from water due to its high surface area and porosity, which provide effective adsorption capabilities. When water passes through activated alumina, fluoride ions are effectively adsorbed onto the surface of the alumina granules. This method is particularly advantageous because it can selectively target fluoride without significantly affecting other essential ions present in the water.

The effectiveness of activated alumina in fluoride removal is also notable because it can achieve significant reductions in fluoride concentration, making it a suitable choice in areas where water sources have elevated fluoride levels, which can pose health risks.

In contrast, while activated carbon filtration is effective at removing organic compounds and certain contaminants, it is not specifically designed for fluoride removal and may not be as efficient in this regard. Reverse osmosis is also effective for fluoride reduction as it can filter out a wide range of dissolved solids, but it typically requires more energy and maintenance. Chemical precipitation can remove fluoride as well but often involves additional chemicals and can create byproducts that require further treatment. Therefore, activated alumina presents a more targeted and effective solution for high fluoride levels in water treatment processes.